Índices de vulnerabilidade hídrica georreferenciados: uma revisão sistemática
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O recurso hídrico é indispensável, utilizado em quase todos os setores produtivos e ligado à manutenção metabólica de todos os seres vivos. Porém, devido a fatores como as mudanças climáticas e ao crescimento populacional, a demanda por esse recurso tem indicado um aumento substancial na superexploração bem como no agravamento de situações como as de seca. Diante disso, surgem os índices de vulnerabilidade hídrica como vanguarda na pesquisa global, auxiliando no entendimento das pressões exercidas, fomentando a criação de projetos e estratégias para a contornar essa problemática. Dessa maneira, torna-se essencial a identificação dos principais fatores que contribuem ativamente para essa tipologia de vulnerabilidade, assim como as metodologias aplicadas para a sua quantificação. Diante disso, a presente revisão sistemática teve como objetivo principal a realização da seleção e da análise de estudos relacionados a sistemas de índices de vulnerabilidade hídrica georreferenciados a nível de bacia hidrográfica, identificando os principais fatores que contribuem ativamente com a vulnerabilidade hídrica. Os resultados evidenciaram, através da realização de mapas bibliométricos, uma forte correlação entre os artigos elegidos, destacando palavras-chave como China, vulnerability, drought e fuzzy mathematics. Ainda, foi notório a presença de metodologias como a lógica Fuzzy e a Análise Hierárquica de Processos Fuzzy (FAHP), bem como a utilização de fatores naturais e socioeconômicos para o cálculo da vulnerabilidade hídrica.
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